Fresh Water
The engine’s fresh water system, also know as the closed cooling system consists of a
circulating pump, heat exchanger, expansion tank, thermostat, and several hoses. This is
the system that cools
your engine. Water is
pulled from the heat
exchanger and pushed
into the engine’s water
jacket by the circulating
pump. When the block
and heads are full a tiny
amount of water
continues to circulate to
help maintain a
consistent temperature
in the exhaust manifold
and bleed air trapped in
the system. As the
internal engine
temperature begins to
rise the thermostat
opens and allows the
water to be pushed out of the system by a cooler charge of water pulled from the heat
exchanger. This will happen until the thermostat has cooled down and closes. The
process will then begin again. The expansion or holding tank is integral with the exhaust
manifold. It holds water that functions as a safety net so as not to stress the system.
Coolant in the system is a mixture of anti-freeze and water. Depending on your local
cruising climate this mixture may vary. Generally it is 50/50 or 1 part water to 1 part
anti-freeze. If you use the environmentally friendly anti-freeze the mixture may vary and
the specs should be on the bottle.
Closed cooling system checks are simple. The hoses should be soft yet firm with no
mushy spots or brittle spots. There should be no cracks in the hoses or fittings. Clamps
should be tight. The coolant should be topped off in the overflow bottle to the “Full Hot”
mark. The mixture should be maintained if you have to add fluid. The engine
temperature should range from
185° to 200° F. Any temperature
outside this range will generally
point to a thermostat problem.
The coolant should be changed
every 2 to 3 years. Hours are not
as critical as time and
deterioration will occur. Check
the v-belt that turns your
circulating pump. It should be
flexible and show no signs of
cracking. The tension should be so that the belt will flex between ½” and ¾” from side to
side. Tighten the v-belt as necessary.
The last item is the expansion tank cap. It serves two functions, 1 to allow coolant to
escape as the liquid expands from heat, and 2 to allow coolant to enter the engine as the
system cools. It should be easy to see what will happen if either of these functions did
not occur. At the least, check the system monthly.
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